Purpose: To report a case of Joubert’ s syndrome with alternating skew deviation and lateral skew deviation. Case report: A 18-year-old girl was referred with the chief complaint of abnormal eye movements since infancy. Some degree of oculomotor apraxia was revealed as the girl had difficulties in initiating horizontal saccades and subsequent head thrust. Periodic alternating vertical misalignment of eyes was also evident, known as alternating skew deviation. After 3 to 5 seconds, the vertical divergence of the eyes reversed direction. Gaze to either side also resulted in hypertropia of abducting eye, known as lateral skew deviation. MRI demonstrated hypoplasia of superior cerebellar vermis along molar tooth signs associated with Joubert syndrome. Conclusion: This report shows that alternating skew deviation and lateral skew deviation can be manifestations of Joubert’ s syndrome.

Background & P u r p o use: The success of knowledge-based organizations requires the promotion of creativity and innovation, and sometimes it requires the courage to act beyond the redundant and cumbersome bureaucratic rules. Thus, the present study has dealt with the role of authoritarian leadership in encouraging creative deviation among employees by encouraging them to dare. Methodology: This is an applied and descriptive survey research. The statistical population consisted of employees of knowledge-based organizations in Lorestan Province, Iran, of whom 309 employees were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool used in this study was a questionnaire. In fact, its validity was assessed by content validity method, and its reliability was evaluated using C r o n b a c h 's alpha method. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling using Smart Software Pilates and SPSS. Findings: Authoritarian leaders make a positive and significant effect on moral deviation both directly and through employees' assertiveness. Conclusion: Managers of knowledge-based organizations can strengthen the capacity and daring of employees to think and act beyond the existing bureaucratic constraints, and thus this will lead to enhancing their creative and innovative performance.

Research objective: Many organizations use idiosyncratic deals to achieve desirable behaviors and positive results. Such idiosyncratic deals lead to increased self-confidence, cooperation, and participation of the employees and the emergence of new creative ideas. The present study seeks to investigate the influence of idiosyncratic work deals on creative deviations whilst taking into account the mediating role of psychological entitlement and employee voice. Methodology: The present study is applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive correlation study in terms of data collection. The statistical population comprises Mobin Net Communication Company employees. 272 questionnaires were handed out based on simple randomized sampling and collected data were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. The questionnaires used to evaluate research variables include Rosen et al. ’, s (2013) idiosyncratic deals questionnaire (2013), Morrison’, s employee voice questionnaire (2011), Li et al. ’, s psychological entitlement questionnaire (2017), and Lin et al. ’, s creative deviation questionnaire (2016). Research findings: Idiosyncratic deals have a significant and direct influence on employee creative deviation and have and a significant and indirect impact on employee creative deviation through the mediation of employee voice and psychological entitlement. Research innovation: The results of the present study strengthen the conclusion of idiosyncratic deals contract in Iranian companies, and helps organization managers understand the influence of idiosyncratic deals on creative deviation so that they provide the grounds for creative deviation which is crucial for the development of modern corporations through the mediation of psychological entitlement and constructive voice.

Background and Aim: One of the causes of disruption in human societies is crime, which has always endangered the life-economicpolitical-cultural security of human beings and society and governments. Communities' response to this phenomenon is primarily through the use of coercive legal methods and tools, resorting to criminal institutions. Materials and Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. Results: Incorrect methods to deal with crime are also common among criminal agents such as judges and law enforcement agencies. These incorrect methods contradict the two issues of public order and individual rights. However, sometimes an expedient and even benevolent view persuades the criminal agent to resort to incorrect methods in order to solve the criminal problem or case. Ethical considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed. Conclusion: However, sometimes an expedient and even benevolent view persuades the criminal agent to resort to incorrect methods in order to solve the criminal problem or case.

The creative city concept has been derived from this field researchers and theorist consideration to the environmental and spatial dimension of creativity. Various indexes have been provided to measuring cities creativity that in all of them, the conditions and features of society has been considered. In this regard, the aim of this study is making a creative city index appropriate for Iranian culture. This study in term of modality is descriptive-analytical, and in term of purpose is a practical research. For data collection, the library, documentary and survey method in form of the Delphi method is used. In next step, with reviewing 15 international creative city index, a list of indicators extracted, then using Delphi method and screening indicators and measures, the Iranian creative city index has been created. The result of Delphi method in three round was the confirmation of 49 measure by Delphi panel members for making Iranian creative city index that from these 49 measure, the 32 measure was drawn from previous studies and 17 measure was provided by Delphi method members.

This study investigates whether the firms’ leverage and leverage deviation are influenced by earnings manipulation over the period 2006-2019 in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Using ordinary least squares (OLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators, we find evidence suggesting that real and accrual-based earnings manipulation is positively associated with firms’ leverage and leverage deviation. In particular, we find that real activities manipulation and accrual-based earnings manipulation are positively (negatively) associated with positive (negative) leverage deviation. The result derived from the current study should be of interest to board of directors, stockholders and policymakers. The findings are significant because more earnings manipulator firms may be less successful in achieving their optimal leverage. After conducting robustness tests, our main conclusions remain valid to different proxies for real and accrual-based earnings manipulation, different measures of firms’ leverage ratio, and different estimation methods. Our results are consistent with the predictions of trade-off theory.

One of the language’s functions is the literary function. It is the spot of joint of the linguistics and literature. In the literary function, the focus is on the message; so the language of this message distinct of the standard language. The linguists explain this Foregrounding in two ways: escape the standard language that is named Deviation and adding the some rules to it that is named Extra regularity, in three levels: meaning, form and formal realization. The Deviation near the speech to the poetry and the Extra regularity verse it. In this short text, we pay to the most obvious Foregrounding, Deviation, in the Az in Avesta book; because it shows the Akhavan’s art. In addition to so many Deviations forward to the Extra regularity in the Akavan’s poetry, meaning Deviation is rather than the other kinds of Deviation. This kind contains the Figurative language and meaning Rhetoric topics that increase the imagination. Especially the Simile and Metaphor, two forms of poetic images, have used greatly. Then the temporal Deviation, the use the archaic words, is seen plenty; so we see that the other kinds of Deviation is found rarely; because these reduce the word’s glory. Instance is found in the Akhavan’s poetry too, that is untitled or isn’t dependent on the mentioned kinds exactly.

One of the important fields of research and study which recently has been absorbed a lot of attention is Persian literature review, based on new theories of linguistics and literature. The theory of "deviation of norm" is one of these theories which the first time was offered by "Leech". It is also one of the main causes of emerging literary style…